Embedded systems

Embedded systems

External memory programming

Keil FLM file function
Init
EraseSector
UnInit
EraseChip
ProgramPage
Verify
BlankCheck

ARM Linker

Set var address for QSPI

const unsigned char __test[] = {...
const unsigned char __test[] __at(0x90000000) = { ...

LOAD_ROM 0x0000 0x8000       ; Name of load region (LOAD_ROM),
                             ; Start address for load region (0x0000),
                             ; Maximum size of load region (0x8000)
{
    EXEC_ROM 0x0000 0x8000   ; Name of first exec region (EXEC_ROM),
                             ; Start address for exec region (0x0000),
                             ; Maximum size of first exec region (0x8000)
    {
        * (+RO)              ; Place all code and RO data into
                             ; this exec region
    }
    SRAM 0x10000 0x6000      ; Name of second exec region (SRAM),
                             ; Start address of second exec region (0x10000),
                             ; Maximum size of second exec region (0x6000)
    {
        * (+RW, +ZI)         ; Place all RW and ZI data into
                             ; this exec region
    }
}

TouchGFX & Keil in CubeMX project

After generation project from CubeMX

Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol MX_FREERTOS_Init() (referred from main.o).
Error: L6218E: Undefined symbol GRAPHICS_MainTask (referred from freertos.o).


Correct

main.cpp
void MX_FREERTOS_Init(void)       ->    extern "C" void MX_FREERTOS_Init(void);

BoardConfiguration.cpp
void GRAPHICS_MainTask(void)       ->     extern "C" void GRAPHICS_MainTask(void)

Touchscreen function correction

static void BSP_Pointer_Update(void)
{
GUI_PID_STATE TS_State;
static TS_StateTypeDef prev_state;
TS_StateTypeDef ts;
uint16_t xDiff, yDiff;

BSP_TS_GetState(&ts);

TS_State.Pressed = ts.TouchDetected;

xDiff = (prev_state.X > ts.X) ? (prev_state.X - ts.X) : (ts.X - prev_state.X);
yDiff = (prev_state.Y > ts.Y) ? (prev_state.Y - ts.Y) : (ts.Y - prev_state.Y);

//if(ts.TouchDetected)
//{
if((prev_state.TouchDetected != ts.TouchDetected )|| (ts.TouchDetected &&
((xDiff > 3 )||
(yDiff > 3))))
{
prev_state = ts;

TS_State.Layer = 0;
TS_State.x = ts.X;
TS_State.y = ts.Y;

GUI_TOUCH_StoreStateEx(&TS_State);
if(ts.TouchDetected)
osDelay(50);
}
//}
}

New version GUIBuilder from Segger color setting

For set color operations

Old (5.28) example
GUI_SetBkColor(0x00361400);

New (5.40) example
GUI_SetBkColor(GUI_MAKE_COLOR(0x00361400));

CubeMX 4.25 & 4.26 GRAPHICS configuration MULTIBUF bug

If we create a graphics window for GRAPHICS configuration with GUIBuilder for file GUI_App.c

CreateWindow();



The CubeMX is creates function in file STemwin_wrapper.c



void GRAPHICS_Init(void)
{
/* Initialize the GUI */
GUI_Init();

//WM_MULTIBUF_Enable(1);
/* Enable the multi-buffering functionality */

/* Activate the use of memory device feature */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WM_SetCreateFlags */
//WM_SetCreateFlags(WM_CF_MEMDEV);
/* USER CODE END WM_SetCreateFlags */
}



If you delete comments

WM_MULTIBUF_Enable(1);
/* Enable the multi-buffering functionality */

/* Activate the use of memory device feature */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WM_SetCreateFlags */
WM_SetCreateFlags(WM_CF_MEMDEV);



after this, the graphical interface stops running !!!

(Attention!  After deleting comments and compiling, turn off and turn on the power)

The problem is solved by adding a line



WM_MULTIBUF_Enable(1);
/* Enable the multi-buffering functionality */

/* Activate the use of memory device feature */
/* USER CODE BEGIN WM_SetCreateFlags */
HAL_LTDC_ProgramLineEvent(&hltdc, 0); //!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
WM_SetCreateFlags(WM_CF_MEMDEV);
/* USER CODE END WM_SetCreateFlags */



And everything works fine!



P.S.

If FREERTOS is used, it is necessary to eliminate one more bug


in file  ..........STemWin\Target\STemwin_wrapper.c   comment

line (85):

//extern volatile GUI_TIMER_TIME OS_TimeMS;

line (876) :

//   OS_TimeMS++;

Heap memory location

#include <stdlib.h>

/**************************************************************************/

// Keil uv4 MICROLIB compatible heap initialization

extern unsigned long __microlib_freelist;

extern unsigned long __microlib_freelist_initialised;

extern unsigned long __heap_base;

extern unsigned long __heap_limit;

/**************************************************************************/

void add_heap(unsigned long addr, unsigned long size)

{

  unsigned long *p = (unsigned long *)addr;

  unsigned long span;

  size >>= 2; // size in 32-bit words

  size -= 2; // two words used for internal structures

  if (__microlib_freelist_initialised == 0) // free list created yet?

  {

    __microlib_freelist_initialised = 1;

    __microlib_freelist = 0;

    span = 0;

  }

  else

  {

    span = __microlib_freelist - addr - (size << 2); // faux allocation across the discontinuity

  }

  p[0] = size << 2;           // size of list entry

  p[1] = __microlib_freelist; // next entry

  p[size] = span;

  p[size+1] = 0;              // terminal value

  __microlib_freelist = addr; // current entry

}

/**************************************************************************/

void alloc_heaps(void) // Called prior to any malloc()

{

  // Enumerate available heap memory regions in DECENDING memory order

//add_heap(0xD0000000, 0x800000); // SDRAM 8MB - Must be initialized

  add_heap((unsigned long)&__heap_base,(unsigned long)&__heap_limit - (unsigned long)&__heap_base); // Classic HEAP section

//  add_heap(0x20004000, 0x14000); // SRAM (PORTION OF)

  add_heap(0x10000000, 0x10000); // CCM 64K

}







===============================================================================




// STM32 Keil SDRAM HEAP STM32F429I-DISCO

// Use MicroLIB checked in options

// Use Scatter file in Linker options (not Memory Layout from Target Dialog)

/* heap.sct

LR_IROM1 0x08000000 0x00200000  {    ; load region size_region

  ER_IROM1 0x08000000 0x00200000  {  ; load address = execution address

   *.o (RESET, +First)

   *(InRoot$$Sections)

   .ANY (+RO)

  }

  RW_IRAM1 0x20000000 0x00030000  {  ; Internal SRAM

   .ANY (+RW +ZI)

  }

  RW_IRAM2 0x10000000 UNINIT 0x00010000  {  ; Internal CCM SRAM

   *(.ccm)

  }

  RW_RAM1 0xD0000000 UNINIT 0x00800000  { ; External SDRAM

   *(HEAP)

  }

}

*/

/* startup_stm32f429_439xx.s

...

Heap_Size       EQU     0x00800000

                AREA    HEAP, NOINIT, READWRITE, ALIGN=3

__heap_base

Heap_Mem        SPACE   Heap_Size

__heap_limit

...

*/

#include <stdio.h>

#include <stdlib.h>

#include "stm32f429i_discovery.h"

#include "stm32f429i_discovery_sdram.h"

/**************************************************************************************/

int main(void)

{

  char *p;

  /* Make sure to initialize the external memory, pins and buses before using them */

  /* SDRAM Initialization */

  SDRAM_Init();

  /* Disable write protection */

  FMC_SDRAMWriteProtectionConfig(FMC_Bank2_SDRAM,DISABLE);

  p = malloc(0x1000);

  printf("Allocation at %p\n", p);

  free(p);

  while(1); // Don't want to exit

}

//******************************************************************************

// Hosting of stdio functionality through SWV - Serial Wire Viewer

//******************************************************************************

#include <rt_misc.h>

#pragma import(__use_no_semihosting_swi)

struct __FILE { int handle; /* Add whatever you need here */ };

FILE __stdout;

FILE __stdin;

int fputc(int ch, FILE *f)

{

  ITM_SendChar(ch);

  return(ch);

}

int fgetc(FILE *f)

{

  char ch;

  ch = '?';

  return((int)ch);

}

int ferror(FILE *f)

{

  /* Your implementation of ferror */

  return EOF;

}

void _ttywrch(int ch)

{

  ITM_SendChar(ch);

}

void _sys_exit(int return_code)

{

label:  goto label;  /* endless loop */

}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT

/**

  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number

  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.

  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name

  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number

  * @retval None

  */

void assert_failed(uint8_t* file, uint32_t line)

{

  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,

     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */

  /* Infinite loop */

  while (1)

  {

  }

}

#endif













For FREERTOS




__attribute__((section("HEAP"))) static unsigned char ucHeap[ configTOTAL_HEAP_SIZE ];